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Modeling of the separation performance of nanofiltration membranes and its role in the applications ofnanofiltration technology in product separation processes

SHANG Weijuan, WANG Daxin, WANG Xiaolin

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 208-215 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0038-0

摘要： Although there is a voluminous literature on the determination of structural parameters (the pore radius, the ratio of membrane porosity to membrane thickness) of a nanofiltration (NF) membrane and its separation performance (such as the rejection and the permeation flux) by the simplified Teorell-Meyer-Sievers (TMS) model, little of this research comments on other theories and the consequences of linking modeling evaluation to technological application. Theories used to predict the separation performance of an NF membrane usually include: the non-equilibrium thermodynamic model, the pore model, the space charge model, the TMS model, the electrostatic and steric-hindrance model, and the semiempirical model. In the article, we briefly trace the origins or the general ideas of the above-mentioned theories. From there, recent researches on the characterization of membrane structural parameters and electrical properties (such as the surface charge density ) are reviewed. We then turn to research on the separation performance of an NF membrane for single-component solutions of inorganic electrolytes, neutral organic solutions, and a mixture solution of electrolytes or that of an electrolyte and neutral organic solute. Afterwards, we outline the applications of NF technology in the processes of product separation and conclude with a discussion on the role of models in such applications.

关键词： above-mentioned     TMS     characterization     electrostatic     semiempirical    

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Performance design of a cryogenic air separation unit for variable working conditions using the lumped

Jinghua XU, Tiantian WANG, Qianyong CHEN, Shuyou ZHANG, Jianrong TAN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第15卷 第1期   页码 24-42 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0558-6

摘要： Large-scale cryogenic air separation units (ASUs), which are widely used in global petrochemical and semiconductor industries, are being developed with high operating elasticity under variable working conditions. Different from discrete processes in traditional machinery manufacturing, the ASU process is continuous and involves the compression, adsorption, cooling, condensation, liquefaction, evaporation, and distillation of multiple streams. This feature indicates that thousands of technical parameters in adsorption, heat transfer, and distillation processes are correlated and merged into a large-scale complex system. A lumped parameter model (LPM) of ASU is proposed by lumping the main factors together and simplifying the secondary ones to achieve accurate and fast performance design. On the basis of material and energy conservation laws, the piecewise-lumped parameters are extracted under variable working conditions by using LPM. Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy interval detection is recursively utilized to determine whether the critical point is detected or not by using different thresholds. Compared with the traditional method, LPM is particularly suitable for “rough first then precise” modeling by expanding the feasible domain using fuzzy intervals. With LPM, the performance of the air compressor, molecular sieve adsorber, turbo expander, main plate-fin heat exchangers, and packing column of a 100000 Nm O /h large-scale ASU is enhanced to adapt to variable working conditions. The designed value of net power consumption per unit of oxygen production (kW/(Nm O )) is reduced by 6.45%.

关键词： performance design     air separation unit (ASU)     lumped parameter model (LPM)     variable working conditions     T–S fuzzy interval detection    

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Rational design on photoelectrodes and devices to boost photoelectrochemical performance of solar-driven

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 777-798 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2148-0

摘要： As an eco-friendly, efficient, and low-cost technique, photoelectrochemical water splitting has attracted growing interest in the production of clean and sustainable hydrogen by the conversion of abundant solar energy. In the photoelectrochemical system, the photoelectrode plays a vital role in absorbing the energy of sunlight to trigger the water splitting process and the overall efficiency depends largely on the integration and design of photoelectrochemical devices. In recent years, the optimization of photoelectrodes and photoelectrochemical devices to achieve highly efficient hydrogen production has been extensively investigated. In this paper, a concise review of recent advances in the modification of nanostructured photoelectrodes and the design of photoelectrochemical devices is presented. Meanwhile, the general principles of structural and morphological factors in altering the photoelectrochemical performance of photoelectrodes are discussed. Furthermore, the performance indicators and first principles to describe the behaviors of charge carriers are analyzed, which will be of profound guiding significance to increasing the overall efficiency of the photoelectrochemical water splitting system. Finally, current challenges and prospects for an in-depth understanding of reaction mechanisms using advanced characterization technologies and potential strategies for developing novel photoelectrodes and advanced photoelectrochemical water splitting devices are demonstrated.

关键词： photoelectrochemical water splitting     photoelectrodes     hydrogen production     charge separation     catalytic mechanism    

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Effects of pressure and temperature on fixed-site carrier membrane for CO 2 separation from natural gas

Meng WANG, Dongxiao YANG, Zhi WANG, Jixiao WANG, Shichang WANG,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 127-132 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0231-4

摘要： In this paper, the effect of testing temperature on the performance of fixed carrier membrane for CO separation were studied. The blend composite membranes were developed respectively with a blend of PEI-PVA (polyetheleneimine-polyvinyl alcohol) as separation layer and PS (polysulfone) ultrafiltration membranes as the substrates. The permselectivity of the membranes was measured with CO/CH mixed gas. The effect of testing temperature on membrane separation performance was investigated. The results showed that both the permeances of CO and CH decreased with the increase of temperature, and the permeances decreased more quickly under low pressure than those under high pressure. At the feed pressure of 0.11MPa, the CO/ CH selectivity of PEI-PVA/PS blend composite membrane reduced along with temperature increment. Under the feed pressure of 0.21MPa, as well as 1.11MPa, the selectivity decreased with the increase of temperature.

关键词： temperature increment     high pressure     permselectivity     separation performance     temperature    

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Application of high-speed counter-current chromatography coupled with high performance liquid chromatographyfor the separation and purification of Quercetin-3- O -sambubioside from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera

Shengguo DENG, Zeyuan DENG, Yawei FAN, Jing LI, Rong LIU, Dongmei XIONG,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 375-382 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0247-9

摘要： Quercetin-3--sambubioside Quercetin-3--β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside was separated and purified by semi-preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) with a two-phase-solvent system composed of ethyl acetate-n-butanol–water (4∶1∶5, v/v) from the leaves of (Lotus). A total of 5.0mg of the targeted compound with a purity of 98.6% as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was obtained from 100m g of the crude extract cleaned up by AB-8 macroporous resin in a one-step separation. Quercetin-3--sambubioside was a novel flavonoid glycoside from the leaves of , and its chemical structure was identified by means of ESI-MS, 1D NMR and 2D NMR.

关键词： two-phase-solvent     flavonoid glycoside     high-speed counter-current     macroporous     counter-current chromatography    

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Phase separation in cGAS-STING signaling

《医学前沿（英文）》   页码 855-866 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1026-6

摘要： Biomolecular condensates formed by phase separation are widespread and play critical roles in many physiological and pathological processes. cGAS-STING signaling functions to detect aberrant DNA signals to initiate anti-infection defense and antitumor immunity. At the same time, cGAS-STING signaling must be carefully regulated to maintain immune homeostasis. Interestingly, exciting recent studies have reported that biomolecular phase separation exists and plays important roles in different steps of cGAS-STING signaling, including cGAS condensates, STING condensates, and IRF3 condensates. In addition, several intracellular and extracellular factors have been proposed to modulate the condensates in cGAS-STING signaling. These studies reveal novel activation and regulation mechanisms of cGAS-STING signaling and provide new opportunities for drug discovery. Here, we summarize recent advances in the phase separation of cGAS-STING signaling and the development of potential drugs targeting these innate immune condensates.

关键词： biomolecular condensates     phase separation     cGAS-STING pathway     cGAS     STING     cGAMP     interferon    

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Mass transfer mechanisms in fixed-bed adsorption of erythromycin

SUN Ying, ZHU Jiawen, CHEN Kui, ZHU Sheng, XU Jie

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 353-360 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0076-2

摘要： The equilibrium and kinetic characteristics of the adsorption of erythromycin to Sepabeads SP825 were determined. The equilibrium data in a batch system was well described by a Langmuir isotherm. The separation performance was investigated in a fixed-bed system with respect to the adsorption superficial velocity, ionic strength and pH. A mathematical model was used to simulate the mass transfer mechanism, taking film mass transfer, pore diffusion and axial dispersion into account. The model predictions were consistent with the experimental data and were consequently used to determine the mass transfer coefficients.

关键词： mathematical     diffusion     separation performance     adsorption superficial     mechanism    

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通过介导相分离制备的纳米结构W-Cu基复合材料的性能 Article

侯超, 吕皓, 赵治, Xintao Huang, 韩铁龙, Junhua Luan, Zengbao Jiao, 宋晓艳, Zuoren Nie

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第26卷 第7期   页码 173-184 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.09.017

摘要：

The challenge of fabricating nanostructured W–Cu composites by powder metallurgy has been solved by means of modulated phase separation. A hierarchically nanostructured (HN) W–Cu composite was prepared using intermediary Al through sluggish asynchronous phase separation. In addition to a dual network composed of a Cu phase and the W–Cu nanostructure, dense Al-containing nanoprecipitates with a body-centered cubic (bcc) structure are distributed in the W matrix. Compared with a pristine W/Cu interface, the newly formed W/Cu interfaces modulated by Al and the coherent W/Al-containing particle interfaces possess lower energy and enhanced bonding strength due to efficient electron transfer and strong coupling interactions. With a large number of stable heterogeneous interfaces and a "self-locking" geometry, the HN W–Cu composite exhibits excellent resistance against plastic deformation. The combination of the presented composite's hardness and compressive strength outperforms all other sintered W–Cu composites with the same Cu content. Under a reciprocating sliding load, the reactive Al prevents excessive oxidation. The excellent synergy of the hardness and toughness of the friction-induced surface endows the HN composite with high abrasion resistance. This study provides a new strategy to modulate the structure and energy state of interfaces in metallic composites containing immiscible components in order to achieve high mechanical performance.

关键词： Immiscible-component composite     Phase separation     Nanostructure     Mechanical properties     Interface modulation    

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Selective capture and separation of xenon and krypton using metal organic frameworks: a review

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 1895-1912 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2355-3

摘要： Xenon and krypton are widespread useful noble gases in commercial lighting, lasers, electronics, and medical industry. At the same time, radioactive noble gases may proliferate from used nuclear fuel and diffuse in open atmospheres. Metal organic frameworks as hotspot porous materials for gases uptake and separation are considered to be potential solutions. In this review, we comprehensively summarized recent researches on metal organic frameworks for selective capture and separation of xenon and krypton. Particularly, we followed the aspects of different optimal design strategies, including optimal pore/cage size and geometry, open metal sites, ions (anions and cations), and polar functional groups for enhancing the xenon adsorption and separation performances. Meanwhile, a comparison of each strategy and the mechanisms of xenon/krypton separation were pointed out. The separation of krypton from gases mixtures by dual-bed systems was further discussed. Finally, some existing challenges and opportunities for possible real applications were proclaimed.

关键词： metal organic frameworks     xenon     krypton     selective separation     used nuclear fuel    

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Highly hydrophobic oil−water separation membrane: reutilization of waste reverse osmosis membrane

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1606-1615 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2200-0

摘要： The increasing applications of seawater desalination technology have led to the wide usage of polyamide reverse osmosis membranes, resulting in a large number of wasted reverse osmosis membranes. In this work, the base nonwoven layer of the wasted reverse osmosis membrane was successfully modified into the hydrophobic membrane via surface deposition strategy including TiO2 and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrichlorosilane (PFOTS), respectively. Various techniques were applied to characterize the obtained membranes, which were then used to separate the oil–water system. The optimally modified membrane displayed good hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 135.2° ± 0.3°, and its oil–water separation performance was as high as 97.8%. After 20 recycle tests, the oil–water separation performance remained more than 96%, which was attributed to the film adhesion of the anchored TiO2 and PFOTS layer on the surface. This work might provide a new avenue for recycling the wasted reverse osmosis membrane used in oily wastewater purification.

关键词： oil–water separation     wasted reverse osmosis membrane     hydrophobic modification    

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Phase separation time/temperature dependence of thermoplastics-modified thermosetting systems

ZHANG Xiujuan, XU Yuanze, YI Xiaosu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 276-285 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0057-5

摘要： The cure-induced phase separation processes of various thermoplastics(TP)-modified thermosetting systems which show upper critical solution temperature (UCST) or lower critical solution temperature (LCST) were studied with emphasis on the temperature dependency of the phase separation time and its potential application in the cure time-temperature processing window. We found that the phase separation time/temperature relationship follows the simple Arrhenius equation. The cure-induced phase separation activation energy (ps) generated from the linear fitting of the Arrhenius equation is irrelevant to the detection means of phase separation time. We also found that (ps) is insensitive to TP content, TP molecular weight and curing rate, but it changes with the cure reaction kinetics and the chemical environment of the systems. With the established phase separation time-temperature dependence relation, we can easily establish the whole cure time-temperature transformation (TTT) diagram with morphology information which is a useful map for the TP/TS composites processing industry.

关键词： separation time-temperature     temperature dependency     cure-induced     separation activation     temperature    

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Microfluidic production of liposomes through liquid–liquid phase separation in ternary droplets

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 1017-1022 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2118-y

摘要： Liposomes, the self-assembled phospholipid vesicles, have been extensively used in various fields such as artificial cells, drug delivery systems, biosensors and cosmetics. However, current microfluidic routes to liposomes mostly rely on water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion droplets as templates, and require complex fabrication of microfluidic devices, and tedious manipulation of multiphase fluids. Here we present a simple microfluidic approach to preparing monodisperse liposomes from oil-in-water droplets. For demonstration, we used butyl acetate-water-ethanol ternary mixtures as inner phase and an aqueous solution of surfactants as outer phase to make oil-in-water droplets, which can evolve into water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion droplets by liquid–liquid phase separation of ternary mixtures. Subsequently, the resultant water-in-oil-in-water droplets underwent a dewetting transition to form separated monodisperse liposomes and residual oil droplets, with the assistance of surfactants. The method is simple, does not require complex microfluidic devices and tedious manipulation, and provides a new platform for controllable preparation of liposomes.

关键词： microfluidics     liposomes     ternary droplets     phase separation    

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Imprinted membranes for sustainable separation processes

Laura Donato, Enrico Drioli

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 775-792 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1991-0

摘要： The rapid industrial growth and the necessity of recovering and recycling raw materials increased the interest in the production of highly selective and efficient separation tools. In this perspective, a relevant input was given by the membrane-based technology and the production of imprinted membranes, which possess specific recognition properties at molecular and ionic level, offers the possibility of developing sustainable and green processes. Furthermore, the integration of imprinted membranes with traditional or membrane-based approaches is a promising strategy in the logic of process intensification, which means the combination of different operations in a single apparatus. This work discusses the concept and separation mechanisms of imprinted membranes. Furthermore, it presents an overview of their application in organic solvent nanofiltration, for the removal of toxic agents and recovery solvent, as well as valuable compounds. The recent advances in water treatment, such as pesticide removal and recovery of metal ions, are also discussed. Finally, potential applications of imprinted membranes in hybrid processes are highlighted, and a look into the future of membrane separations for water treatment and recovery of critical raw materials is offered.

关键词： sustainable processes     membrane separation     molecular recognition     imprinted membranes     water treatment    

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Fabrication of a superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic stainless steel mesh for oil/water separation

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 46-55 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2170-2

摘要： Because of the increasing amount of oily wastewater produced each day, it is important to develop superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic oil/water separation membranes with ultrahigh flux and high separation efficiency. In this paper, a superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic N-isopropylacrylamide-coated stainless steel mesh was prepared through a simple and convenient graft polymerization approach. The obtained mesh was able to separate oil/water mixtures only by gravity. In addition, the mesh showed high-efficiency separation ability (99.2%) and ultrahigh flux (235239 L∙m–2∙h–1). Importantly, due to the complex cross-linked bilayer structure, the prepared mesh exhibited good recycling performance and chemical stability in highly saline, alkaline and acidic environments.

关键词： oil/water separation     N-isopropylacrylamide     stainless steel mesh     ultrahigh flux    

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Easily-manufactured paper-based materials with high porosity for adsorption/separation applications in

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期   页码 830-839 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2267-7

摘要： A multi-functional porous paper-based material was prepared from grass pulp by simple pore-forming and green cross-linking method. As a pore-forming agent, calcium citrate increased the porosity of the paper-based material from 30% to 69% while retaining the mechanical strength. The covalent cross-linking of citric acid between cellulose fibers improved both the wet strength and adsorption capacity. In addition, owing to the introduction of high-content carboxyl groups as well as the construction of hierarchical micro-nano structure, the underwater oil contact angle was up to 165°. The separation efficiency of the emulsified oil was 99.3%, and the water flux was up to 2020 L·m–2·h–1. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacities of cadmium ion, lead ion and methylene blue reached 136, 229 and 128.9 mg·g–1, respectively. The continuous purification of complex wastewater can be achieved by using paper-based materials combined with filtration technology. This work provides a simple, low cost and environmental approach for the treatment of complex wastewater containing insoluble oil, organic dyes, and heavy metal ions.

关键词： adsorption     oil–water separation     underwater superoleophobicity     wastewater treatment    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Modeling of the separation performance of nanofiltration membranes and its role in the applications ofnanofiltration technology in product separation processes

SHANG Weijuan, WANG Daxin, WANG Xiaolin

期刊论文

Performance design of a cryogenic air separation unit for variable working conditions using the lumped

Jinghua XU, Tiantian WANG, Qianyong CHEN, Shuyou ZHANG, Jianrong TAN

期刊论文

Rational design on photoelectrodes and devices to boost photoelectrochemical performance of solar-driven

期刊论文

Effects of pressure and temperature on fixed-site carrier membrane for CO 2 separation from natural gas

Meng WANG, Dongxiao YANG, Zhi WANG, Jixiao WANG, Shichang WANG,

期刊论文

Application of high-speed counter-current chromatography coupled with high performance liquid chromatographyfor the separation and purification of Quercetin-3- O -sambubioside from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera

Shengguo DENG, Zeyuan DENG, Yawei FAN, Jing LI, Rong LIU, Dongmei XIONG,

期刊论文

Phase separation in cGAS-STING signaling

期刊论文

Mass transfer mechanisms in fixed-bed adsorption of erythromycin

SUN Ying, ZHU Jiawen, CHEN Kui, ZHU Sheng, XU Jie

期刊论文

通过介导相分离制备的纳米结构W-Cu基复合材料的性能

侯超, 吕皓, 赵治, Xintao Huang, 韩铁龙, Junhua Luan, Zengbao Jiao, 宋晓艳, Zuoren Nie

期刊论文

Selective capture and separation of xenon and krypton using metal organic frameworks: a review

期刊论文

Highly hydrophobic oil−water separation membrane: reutilization of waste reverse osmosis membrane

期刊论文

Phase separation time/temperature dependence of thermoplastics-modified thermosetting systems

ZHANG Xiujuan, XU Yuanze, YI Xiaosu

期刊论文

Microfluidic production of liposomes through liquid–liquid phase separation in ternary droplets

期刊论文

Imprinted membranes for sustainable separation processes

Laura Donato, Enrico Drioli

期刊论文

Fabrication of a superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic stainless steel mesh for oil/water separation

期刊论文

Easily-manufactured paper-based materials with high porosity for adsorption/separation applications in

期刊论文